How to choose a face mask
Choose a 3-ply disposable mask for everyday protection against droplets, and a respirator such as an N95, KN95 or FFP2 when you need to filter fine particles, for example when caring for someone with a respiratory infection, in a clinic, or on heavy smog days. A respirator only works if it fits tightly around the nose and chin.
Last reviewed by the SANITIZER.PK team
Quick answer
- Everyday, offices, shops: 3-ply disposable mask.
- Higher risk, caring for the sick, smog and dust: N95, KN95 or FFP2 respirator that seals.
- Fit beats label: gaps at the sides or nose let air bypass the filter.
- Single use: replace when damp, dirty or damaged.
Which mask for which situation?
| Situation | Suggested mask | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Office, shop, public transport | 3-ply disposable | Barrier against droplets, comfortable for long wear |
| Caring for someone with a respiratory infection | N95, KN95 or FFP2 | Filters fine particles if well fitted |
| Clinic reception and consultations | Medical mask (EN 14683 / ASTM F2100); respirator for higher-risk procedures | Follow your clinic's infection control policy |
| Heavy smog or dust | N95, KN95 or FFP2 | Loose masks do little against fine particles |
| Cooking and food service | Disposable mask, changed when damp | Reduces droplets onto food |
How to check a mask is what it claims
- Medical masks: the box should name a standard such as EN 14683 (Type I, II or IIR) or ASTM F2100 (Level 1, 2 or 3).
- N95: approved by NIOSH in the USA; genuine products carry an approval number that can be checked on NIOSH's list.
- KN95: made to China's GB 2626 standard. FFP2: made to Europe's EN 149.
- Every box should show the manufacturer, lot number and expiry date.
Fit check for respirators
- Hold the respirator over nose and mouth and pull the straps or loops into place.
- Mould the nose clip with both hands, from the middle outwards.
- Breathe out sharply: you should not feel air escaping at the edges.
- Breathe in: the respirator should pull slightly towards your face.
- If air leaks, adjust or try another size. Facial hair under the seal stops a proper fit.
Mask hygiene
Clean your hands before putting a mask on and after taking it off. Do not wear it under the chin or nose and then pull it back up. Take it off by the loops, throw it in a closed bin and use a fresh one when it becomes damp.
Sources and standards referred to
- World Health Organization, advice on the use of masks.
- NIOSH (USA), approved N95 respirator list.
- EN 14683, ASTM F2100, GB 2626 and EN 149 standards (as named on mask packaging).
This guide is general information about hygiene products, not medical advice. For a health condition, speak to a doctor or pharmacist.
Frequently asked questions
How long can I wear one disposable mask?
Until it becomes damp, dirty or damaged, and not across days. In hot, humid weather this may be a few hours.
Should children wear N95 masks?
Respirators are made for adult faces and many do not fit children. For children, choose a mask made in children's sizes and ask a doctor for children with breathing problems.
Are cloth masks useful?
A well-fitting multi-layer cloth mask gives some droplet protection but filters fine particles poorly. It must be washed after each day of use.
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